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Mesothelioma and Asbestos

Asbestos, a mineral that naturally occurs in the form of thin, long fibers. Workers who are exposed asbestos regularly are at risk of developing mesothelioma or other lung diseases of different types.

It can take years for symptoms to appear after exposure to asbestos. Different types of asbestos can cause different symptoms.

Pleural Mesothelioma

Pleural mesothelioma is a cancer that affects the outer lung lining (pleura). It is the most prevalent mesothelioma type and is responsible for 70 to 79% of diagnosed cases. This condition causes chest pain, shortness of breathe, and a feeling of weightiness.

This type of cancer typically caused through exposure to asbestos, which is a grouping of minerals that are made up of microscopic fibres. The fibers, when inhaled cause irritation and DNA mutations. Pleura covers both the chest cavity and the lungs, which means that irritations can also affect the heart. Mesothelioma symptoms typically don't show until 30 to 50 years after exposure.

Shortness of breath and chest pain are the most frequently reported symptoms. Some patients may also experience chest tightness and coughing, or breathing difficulties. People with this cancer often have a history of exposure to asbestos in the workplace. The most frequent jobs that expose people to the risk of developing pleural mesothelioma are manufacturing, construction and shipbuilding. People who served in the military are at greater risk due the widespread use of asbestos in Navy vessels and Army bunkers.

The TNM (tumors lymph nodes, tumors, and metastases staging system) is the most commonly used staging system for the pleural adenocarcinoma. The stage that the patient is in at the time of diagnosis can help determine what treatment plan they will receive. For instance, patients who have mesothelioma that is pleural in stage three or four have a less favorable prognosis than those with lower stages. Mesothelioma in stage four is usually spread to the liver, diaphragm or even a person's heart. This can make it more difficult to treat and increase the risk of complications for patients.

Peritoneal Mesothelioma

Unlike pleural mesothelioma, which is a lung-lining cancer, peritoneal mesothelioma develops in the peritoneum, a membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and organs such as the liver and intestines. Like pleural mesothelioma, peritoneal mesothelioma is caused by asbestos exposure. The disease is less common than pleural mesothelioma. There are only about 300-500 cases diagnosed each year.

As with pleural asbestosis symptoms can take several years to manifest. Patients generally have abdominal pain, and may have a mass in their abdomen. Symptoms of this type of mesothelioma could also include nausea or weight loss, as well as fever. Many of these symptoms could be misinterpreted as digestive issues and can lead to a false diagnosis.

Doctors can identify mesothelioma by looking over the medical history of the patient and conducting a physical exam. Imaging tests like X-rays or CT scans are a way to identify mesothelioma. These tests can reveal tumors and other cancer signs that aren't visible on X-rays.

These test results enable doctors to diagnose mesothelioma and establish the stage. They can also suggest treatments. The stage is determined by the type of cell as well as whether the tumor has spread.

The most important mesothelioma-related risk factor is asbestos exposure. People who have worked in asbestos-containing professions, such as plumbing or electrical work, or in construction and manufacturing are more likely to contract the disease. Even if an individual does not work in one of these fields they could be exposed to asbestos to asbestos through family members and other sources. Anyone who believes they are at risk should consult a doctor. A mesothelioma expert can help those with a history with asbestos to learn more about their risk.

Risk Factors

Asbestos is the most significant risk factor for mesothelioma. It accounts for as much as the 80% of cases. Exposure to asbestos may occur due to military service, work or living with someone who used to work with asbestos lawyer. When exposed to asbestos, particles are able to be inhaled into lungs and abdomen. These particles can cause irritation to the linings and trigger cancerous cells to develop in the mesothelium. Mesothelioma may take between 15 and 60 years to develop following exposure to asbestos.

Other risk factors include smoking, genetics, and the advancing age. People in their 40s and 50s are more likely to develop mesothelioma than those who are younger or older. This is because mesothelioma usually occurs between 20 and 60 years from the first time of exposure before symptoms of cancer begin to manifest. It is important to remember that mesothelioma can develop in people who were exposed to asbestos legal but didn't work with it directly. This is known as indirect or secondary asbestos exposure, and is as hazardous as direct asbestos exposure.

Smoking increases the chance of mesothelioma because it damages the mesothelium. It also makes it more prone to. Mesothelioma can also be caused by certain diseases, such as asbestosis and pneumonia. It is also important to note that mesothelioma occurs more frequently for men than women. Men are more likely than women to have been exposed to asbestos for a longer time and to have worked with asbestos case (http://k-special.com/bbs/board.php?Bo_table=Free&wr_id=1448035) for longer periods of time. Men are also more likely to have lived with someone who has worked with asbestos compensation, and to carry asbestos fibers on their clothing. Women tend to have less contact with asbestos and do not typically carry asbestos on their clothing.

Diagnosis

Mesothelioma is difficult to recognize because the symptoms can be similar to other conditions. This could lead to patients being wrongly diagnosed.

NYU Langone doctors will perform an examination of the body and document the patient's medical background, including asbestos exposure. Doctors may also request an CT scan or chest X-ray to look for lumps, abnormalities, and evidence of exposure to asbestos. These include pleural plaques, thickened pleura and calcium deposits.

Other diagnostic tests include a magnetic resonance imaging or MRI test, which makes use of magnets and radio waves in order to produce a series of precise images of the insides of the body. A surgical biopsy is another way for doctors to diagnose mesothelioma. In a surgical biopsy doctors remove a small amount of tissue from the peritoneum or pleura for further testing. A pathologist is then able to examine the tissue under a microscope to see if it contains cancerous cells.

The type of mesothelial cell involved, the malignant or benign nature of the cells, as well as the location and stage of the cancer are used to classify the disease. Certain types of mesothelioma are at an increased risk of spreading or metastasizing, so it's important to determine the type of mesothelioma so that doctors can treat it before it becomes out of control.

Doctors can also perform tests in the laboratory on tumors to determine specific proteins, genes or other factors that can help them describe cancer characteristics and determine the best treatment. These results are referred to as staging.

Treatment

A diagnosis of mesothelioma may be terrifying. It is crucial to remember that cancer can be treated, especially at its early stages. Many patients with mesothelioma survive for years with the disease without it spreading to other areas of their body.

Exposure to asbestos can cause mesothelioma by various mechanisms. Asbestos fibers, which are small enough to not be felt or seen through the naked eye are able to become airborne, causing irritation to the lung's lining (pleura). In time the irritation can lead to the formation of scar tissue that eventually result in tumors.

The pleura is a protective covering that surrounds the abdomen, heart, and lungs. Mesothelium is made up of cells that react to asbestos and cause it to enflame and develop scar tissue. These changes can eventually lead to malignant mesothelioma tumours.

Symptoms of pleural mesothelioma include breathing problems, chest pain or an accumulation of fluid in the lung (pleural effusion). In rare cases cancer can spread to the tissues around the reproductive organs and the heart.

If scans of imaging reveal an area of concern in the lungs or stomach the doctor will request a biopsies. During the procedure, doctors will remove small amounts of the fluid or tumor for lab testing. The results can confirm the diagnosis of mesothelioma and determine the best treatment plan.

There are a variety of mesothelioma treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The majority of doctors use the combination of these methods. Patients can also benefit by taking part in a clinical trial of new mesothelioma therapies. To find out more, patients should speak to mesothelioma specialists who have experience treating the condition.